Research

Summary

FleXEdge aims to unlock the full potential of grid-edge flexibility—such as electric vehicles, heat pumps, and smart appliances—to accelerate the net-zero transition. While the UK and EU have made significant progress in renewable generation, current flexibility markets remain dominated by gas-fired plants. Grid-edge devices, however, represent a growing, low-cost and clean source of flexibility, supported by ambitious electrification targets in both the UK and Luxembourg. In addition, local flexibility markets are expanding rapidly, yet they remain poorly connected to national markets, often restrict multi-service participation, and lack scalable coordination.

The project will develop an integrated research program combining distributed AI, innovative market mechanisms, and cloud-to-edge computing to support the large-scale integration of flexible devices into both local and national electricity markets. The key challenge is to manage millions of distributed devices across different spatial and temporal scales under uncertainty, while ensuring reliable operation of the power system. It will provide the methods and tools needed to unlock grid-edge flexibility, reducing reliance on fossil-based flexibility and accelerating the transition to net zero.

Main Architecture of FleXEdge
Figure 1. Main Architecture of FleXEdge

Objectives

Key objectives in this project include:

  1. Design distributed AI approaches for coordinating grid-edge flexibility across spatial and temporal scales, accounting for network constraints and uncertainty
  2. Design incentive mechanisms which support cooperative distributed AI and robustly integrate grid-edge flexibility into national markets.
  3. Design a cloud-to-edge computing architecture for power systems supporting distributed AI data collection, model training and decision-making.
  4. Verify the new methods using RT-HIL testing, complete national scale case studies to quantify the overall potential value of the new designs and develop policy recommendations for market reforms which could unlock further value.
  5. Maximise impact by developing an open-source software toolkit for the research community and working with the project partners to identify commercialisable IP.